Moffat Mungazi
Dr Tendai Zuze
Health Matters
EVERY year on World Cancer Day (February 4th), we are reminded of the global impact of cancer, and the importance of early detection.
Cancer affects millions of people worldwide, and while some forms are aggressive, many cancers develop slowly, and can be treated effectively if diagnosed early.
The challenge is that cancer can sometimes present with subtle symptoms—what we call ‘soft signs’—that might seem minor, but could indicate an underlying malignancy.
Being aware of these signs and seeking medical advice when necessary can significantly improve outcomes.
Common soft signs of cancer
Lumps and unusual swellings
If you notice a new lump or swelling anywhere on your body, particularly one that does not go away, seek medical attention. Regular self-examinations—including in private areas—are essential. While not all lumps are cancerous, they should be assessed by a doctor.
Persistent cough or hoarseness
A lingering cough or a hoarse voice that lasts more than a few weeks could be a warning sign of lung, laryngeal, or thyroid cancer. If you experience coughing up blood or persistent throat irritation, a medical evaluation is necessary.
Changes in bowel habits
Occasional digestive changes are common, but persistent alterations—such as constipation, diarrhoea, or changes in stool colour and consistency—could indicate colon cancer, particularly in older adults.
Changes in bladder activity
Blood in the urine, pain during urination, or an increased urgency to urinate may indicate infections, but they can also be early signs of kidney, bladder, or prostate cancer. Any unexplained urinary symptoms should be investigated.
Persistent, unexplained pain
Chronic unexplained pain in any part of the body may signal an underlying issue. While pain often occurs in advanced cancers, bone cancer and ovarian cancer may cause discomfort earlier in the disease course.
Unexplained, unintentional weight loss
Losing more than 10 percent of body weight within six months without dieting or increased physical activity should raise concern. Cancers such as pancreatic, stomach, lung, or oesophageal cancer can cause rapid, unintended weight loss.
Difficulty swallowing
Struggling to swallow food or experiencing persistent discomfort while eating could be linked to throat, oesophageal, or stomach cancer. If this symptom persists, it warrants medical evaluation.
Unusual or unexplained bleeding
Coughing up blood – Possible sign of lung cancer
Blood in stool – May indicate colon or rectal cancer
Unexplained vaginal bleeding – Can signal cervical or endometrial cancer
Bloody nipple discharge – Could be a sign of breast cancer
Blood in urine – Possible indication of bladder or kidney cancer
Skin changes
If you have moles, freckles, or warts, monitor them for changes in size, colour, shape, itching, or bleeding. Such alterations could indicate melanoma or other types of skin cancer, many of which are treatable if caught early.
The importance
of early detection
On World Cancer Day, let us emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and timely medical consultation. The sooner cancer is detected, the higher the chances of successful treatment.
If you experience any of these symptoms, consult a doctor without delay. Regular screenings, self-examinations, and awareness can make a difference in the fight against cancer.
Early action saves lives!
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