English Grammar in use: All, every and whole

WE do not normally use all to mean everyone/everybody. Everybody enjoyed the party. (not ‘all enjoyed . . .’) James knows everyone in his street. (not ‘. . . all in his street’) 

Sometimes you can use all to mean everything, but it is usually better to say everything: – He thinks he knows everything. (not knows all) — It was an awful holiday. Everything went terribly wrong. ( not ‘all went wrong’)

But you can use all in the expression all about. — They told us all about their holiday. We also use all to mean the only thing(s): All I’ve eaten today is a sandwich. (= the only thing I’ve eaten). We use a singular verb after every/everyone/everybody/everything: Every seat on the bus was taken. Everybody looks tired today. –Everything he said was true. 

But we often use they/them/their/after everyone/everybody. –Has everyone got their tickets? (= his or her ticket) –Everybody said they would come. (=he or she would come). All and whole: We use whole mainly with singular nouns. 

Have you read the whole book? (= all the book, not just a part of it) — He was very quiet. He didn’t say a word the whole evening. She has spent her whole life in France.

We say the/my/her before whole. Compare: the whole book/all the book — her whole life/all her life. You can also say ‘a whole . . .’ Luke ate a whole chocolate cake last night. (= a complete cake) We do not normally use whole with uncountable nouns: all the money (not ‘the whole money’).

Every/all/whole with time words: We use every to say how often something happens. So we say every day/every week/ every Tuesday/every ten minutes/every three weeks. 

We go out every Saturday night. The buses run every thirty minutes. Laura goes to see her mother every three weeks. 

All day/the whole day = the complete day. — We spent all day /the whole day on the bench. I’ve been trying to find you all morning/the whole morning. 

Note that we say all day/all week etc. (not ‘all the day/all the week’)

To check your understanding of all that has been said so far try the following exercises: Complete the sentences with all, everything or everyone/everybody. 

Examples: Linda knows everyone in her street. All . . . I’ve eaten today is a sandwich. Lisa is very popular . . . likes her. . . was very kind to us. 

They did . . , they could to help us. Thando doesn’t do any of the housework. Her husband does . . . Margaret told me . . . about her new job. It sounds quite interesting. Can . . . write their names on a piece of paper, please?

I can’t lend you any money. . . . I’ve got is a dollar and I need that. I can’t stand him. He disagrees with . . . I say. I didn’t spend much money in the shops . . . I bought was a pair of gloves. Why are you always thinking about money? Money isn’t . . . He didn’t say where he was going . . . he said that he was going away. . . Everyone . . . has got their faults. Nobody is perfect.

Now you have to make sentences with the whole. Example: He read the book from beginning to end. 

He read the whole book. He opened a box of chocolates. When he finished eating, there were no chocolates left in the box. He ate . . . The police came to our house. They were looking for something. They searched everywhere, every room. They searched . . . She worked from early in the morning until late in the evening. . . . . . .

It was a terrible fire. Nothing was left of the building afterwards. . . . destroyed in the fire. Everyone in the team played well . . . . .

Relative clauses (1) — clauses with who/that/which. Study this example: The man who lives next door is very friendly. (who lives next door) is a relative clause. A clause is a part of a sentence. 

A relative clause tells us which person or thing (or what kind pf a person or thing) the speaker means: — The man who lives next door . . . (who lives next door tells us which man) — People who live in Paris. . . (who live in Paris tells us what kind of people)

We use who in a relative clause when we are talking about people. 

We use who instead of he/she/they: the man — (he) lives next door — is very friendly. – The man (who) lives next door is very friendly. We know a lot of people — (they) live in Paris. — We know a lot of people (who) live in Paris.

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