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Vuyisile Mlilo, Sunday Features Reporter
WITH the growing global acceptance and evolving legal framework surrounding marijuana, it is essential to address potential risks associated with its use.
In Zimbabwe and South Africa, where discussions surrounding marijuana legalisation for medicinal purposes are gaining traction, it becomes crucial to understand the relationship between marijuana use and psychosis.
As various countries around the world, including Zimbabwe have legalised marijuana for medicinal purposes and exportation, it is important to weigh the potential benefits against the associated risks.
Advocates for the Herb argue that marijuana can effectively alleviate symptoms of certain medical conditions, such as chronic pain or epilepsy. Clinical trials and ongoing research seek to ascertain the safety and efficacy of marijuana as a medical intervention while simultaneously monitoring any potential psychotropic impacts.
The global marijuana industry is surging, projected to be worth billions of dollars within the next few years. Africa, with its favorable climate and potential for cultivation, is emerging as a key player in this sector.
Zimbabwe and other Southern African nations are exploring how the marijuana industry can contribute to economic growth and job creation. However, comprehensive regulations and protocols are crucial to ensure that the industry operates in a responsible and safe environment
While medicinal marijuana is subject to stringent guidelines, the recreational use of marijuana remains a grey area in many jurisdictions. It is important to acknowledge that regular and heavy marijuana use, particularly among vulnerable individuals, can potentially increase the risk of developing psychosis.
Psychosis is a mental health condition characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and impaired thinking. It is vital to note that the risk is not the same for everyone and can vary depending on individual factors such as genetics, frequency of use, quantity consumed, and pre-existing mental health conditions.
To ensure that the potential benefits of marijuana use outweigh the risks, education and responsible usage practices are paramount. Public health initiatives should focus on raising awareness about the associated risks of marijuana use, particularly among young individuals who may be more susceptible to developing psychosis. Clear guidelines should be established regarding safe dosage, age restrictions, and safeguards to prevent
Numerous studies have explored the association between marijuana use and the development of psychosis or psychotic disorders. Some research suggests that there may be a correlation between marijuana use and an increased risk of psychosis, particularly among individuals who are already predisposed to mental health conditions.
Sunday News Spoke to renowned psychiatrist and Ingutsheni clinical director Dr Wellington Ranga who said although the relationship between psychosis and marijuana remains uncertain, it is crucial to approach the topic with caution and continued exploration.
“In understanding the difference between tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), we must uncover the complexity of the two types of cannabis. While CBD has shown promising benefits according to scientific research for medical treatment, the dangers associated with excessive use of THC cannot be overlooked. Just like with beer, excessive use of marijuana can present risks. Although the relationship between psychosis and marijuana remains uncertain, it is crucial to approach the topic with caution and continued exploration,” said Dr. Ranga.
While the potential benefits of marijuana cannot be ignored, it is crucial to acknowledge the potential risks of psychosis associated with heavy and frequent usage. By promoting responsible use, implementing proper regulations, and investing in education and awareness programmes, Zimbabwe and Southern Africa can mitigate the possible negative impacts and ensure that the marijuana industry contributes positively to society.
Cannabis is involved in approximately 50 percent of psychosis, schizophrenia, and schizophreniform psychosis cases, according to studies . According to the National institute of Drug abuse Numerous epidemiological studies have provided evidence linking cannabis use to an increased risk of developing psychosis.
“Research has shown that cannabis use is associated with an increased risk for an earlier onset of psychotic disorders (such as schizophrenia) in people with other risk factors, such as family history. Cannabis intoxication can also induce a temporary psychotic episode in some individuals, especially at high doses. Experiencing such an episode may be linked with a risk for later developing a psychotic disorder. A person’s genetics may play a role in this”
These studies have consistently shown a dose-response relationship, where heavier and more frequent use of cannabis correlates with a higher risk of psychosis. Additionally, the risk is especially pronounced in individuals who begin using cannabis during adolescence, a critical period when the brain is still developing. While the precise mechanisms remain unclear, it is believed that the psychoactive component of cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), plays a significant role in triggering or exacerbating psychosis.
THC interacts with the brain’s endocannabinoid system, which regulates various physiological processes, including mood, cognition, and perception. Excessive stimulation of this system, particularly in vulnerable individuals, may lead to disturbances in neural activity, contributing to the onset of psychosis.
It is important to note that not everyone who uses cannabis will develop psychosis, and individual susceptibility varies based on genetics, environmental factors, and personal vulnerability. However, the association between cannabis use and psychosis cannot be ignored.
To mitigate the potential risks associated with marijuana use, especially in regions like Zimbabwe and Southern Africa where discussions about legalisation for medicinal purposes are underway, a comprehensive approach is necessary. Education programmes should emphasize the link between cannabis use and psychosis, raising awareness among both users and healthcare professionals.
Additionally, regulations should be put in place to ensure that marijuana products destined for medicinal use are standardized, with controlled levels of THC to reduce the risk of triggering psychosis in vulnerable individuals.
By approaching the topic of marijuana and psychosis with informed and evidence-based discussions, Zimbabwe and Southern Africa can navigate the complexities surrounding cannabis use, implementing responsible policies that prioritize public health while also acknowledging the potential benefits of medicinal marijuana.
As the understanding of marijuana and its effects on mental health continues to evolve, it is essential to consider multiple perspectives, foster evidence-based discussions, and prioritize further research. Health professionals and policymakers play a critical role in educating the public about potential risks and promoting responsible use while considering individual vulnerabilities and societal implications.
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