Online Reporter
Dr Tendai Zuze
Health Matters
OSTEOARTHRITIS is one of the most common causes of pain and disability among older adults in Zimbabwe, especially when it affects the knees.
It is a condition that progresses gradually, often starting with mild discomfort during movement, then
developing into persistent stiffness, swelling, and pain that interferes with daily life.
Over time, what once was a minor annoyance becomes a major barrier to independence.
In osteoarthritis, the protective cartilage that cushions joints wears down, causing bones to rub
against each other.
This leads to inflammation, joint deformity, and pain with every movement.
The knees, which carry much of the body’s weight and are used constantly in walking, squatting, lifting,
and standing, are particularly vulnerable.
In Zimbabwe, many elderly people have spent their lives doing physically demanding work—farming, carrying heavy loads, or walking long distances. Few have had the luxury of early joint care or regular medical reviews.
As a result, knee osteoarthritis is often seen as a normal part of aging, something to be endured
rather than treated.
Yet for many, the pain becomes severe enough to limit mobility, prevent sleep, and reduce quality of
life.
Without proper management, this condition does more than affect the joints. It leads to a reduction in
physical activity, which can cause muscle weakness, weight gain, and poor balance.
This increases the risk of falls, dependence on others, and mental health issues such as depression or
anxiety.
In rural areas especially, the lack of access to medical care, physiotherapy, or mobility aids compounds the problem. Older people may become isolated, housebound, or viewed as burdensome due to their inability to perform tasks they once managed with ease.
Management of knee osteoarthritis in Zimbabwe requires a practical and accessible approach. Gentle
physical activity is one of the most effective interventions.
Strengthening the muscles around the knee helps reduce stress on the joint, and regular walking or cycling can keep the joint mobile and reduce stiffness. Weight control also plays a crucial role, as excess weight adds significant pressure to already damaged joints. Even a small amount of weight loss can noticeably reduce pain levels.
Pain relief is often achieved through simple medications like paracetamol or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, although these must be used carefully in the elderly due to side effects. In some cases, warm compresses or topical creams may offer relief. For those with access to them, walking sticks or knee supports can help distribute weight and reduce pressure on the joint. Surgery, such as knee replacement, remains out of reach for most due to cost and availability, making conservative management all the more important.
Community education can make a big difference. Understanding that osteoarthritis is a manageable
condition—not just an inevitable part of getting older—can encourage elders to seek help earlier and use home-based strategies to reduce pain.
Family support is also crucial. Simple actions, such as assisting with chores, encouraging mobility, and helping elders attend clinic appointments, can greatly improve outcomes.
Osteoarthritis of the knee may be common, but it should not be ignored. With awareness, early intervention, and a supportive environment, many older adults in Zimbabwe can continue to live active, meaningful lives—walking not just with pain, but with dignity and strength.
For more on osteoarthritis, contact [email protected]
