Mushroom farming: A great side hustle for urbanites

WHEN one thinks of farming, what usually comes to mind is an image of vast tracts of land.

However, some crops do not require a huge piece of land for their cultivation. Such crops are, therefore, ideal for urbanites.

Mushroom farming is one such option that people living in urban areas can take up to make extra income.

Mushrooms, which are a delicious and healthy substitute for meat, have a growing market.

For aspiring entrepreneurs in the country’s cities and towns, this venture requires moderate capital investment.

However, a solid understanding of the mushroom growing process is needed.

Key requirements

Space: Growing mushroom does not require large tracts of land. A small room or shed can be adequate, but it must be well-ventilated and dark. Additionally, it should be able to maintain consistent humidity and temperature. A 10 feet x 12 feet space can be enough for small-scale production.

Substrate: Mushrooms grow on a substrate, which can include materials such as sawdust, straw, coffee grounds or other agricultural waste. For most mushroom types, such as oyster or button, pasteurised wheat straw is a common choice.

Spawn (seeds): Mushroom spawn can be purchased from specialised suppliers. Spawn acts as the seed of the mushroom, and one must select a species suitable for local growing conditions. Popular varieties in Zimbabwe include oyster and shiitake.

Equipment: Some of the vital equipment required for mushroom production are sterilisation tools, polythene bags or trays, a humidity control system and lighting.

Training: It is crucial to have basic knowledge of mushroom cultivation. Local agricultural extension service providers or private training centres offer short courses on mushroom farming techniques, ensuring that beginners understand essential tasks like preparing the substrate, spawning and harvesting.

Costs breakdown

Space and infrastructure: For a small operation, renting or modifying an existing space could cost US$100 to US$200.

Substrate: Agricultural waste or straw costs about US$50 per tonne, sufficient for a few production cycles.

Spawn: Mushroom spawn is typically priced at US$5 to US$10 per kilogramme. A few kilogrammes of spawn are needed to start the project.

Equipment: Basic equipment, including polythene bags, trays and a humidity control system, may cost between US$200 and US$300.

Miscellaneous: Additional costs for sterilisation, packaging and training, among other things, might add another US$100 to US$150.

So, for a small-scale operation, initial setup costs can range between US$500 and US$800.

This makes mushroom farming a low-cost, high-reward agricultural venture.

With proper management, entrepreneurs can expect to recover these costs during the first year of production.