Sundaymail Editor
Disability Issues
Dr Christine Peta
ON April 2, Zimbabwe joined the global community in commemorating World Autism Awareness Day (WAAD), which was designated by the United Nations General Assembly in 2007.
This year’s commemorations ran under the theme “Advancing Neurodiversity and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)”.
The theme highlights the connection between neurodiversity and global sustainability efforts, demonstrating how inclusive policies and practices can foster positive change for persons with autism worldwide, including in Zimbabwe, while contributing to the achievement of the SDGs.
Understanding neurodiversity
Neurodiversity refers to the various ways our brains are wired, influencing how we think, move, process information and communicate. The term was introduced in 1998 by Australian sociologist Judy Singer, who identified traits of autism in her mother, daughter and herself.
While initially focused on autism spectrum traits, neurodiversity now includes conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyspraxia and dyslexia.
This concept challenges the traditional notion of “normalcy” and recognises all brain types as valuable and unique.
The 2025 theme underscores the point that conditions such as autism, dyspraxia, dyslexia and ADHD are not deficits requiring a cure but variations in brain function.
Rather than viewing persons with autism as problematic, neurodiversity celebrates differences in thinking, learning and interacting with the world. It advocates inclusive environments that accommodate and appreciate neurological variations instead of attempting to eliminate them.
Cultural misconceptions
In many African contexts, autism is still associated with misconceptions like witchcraft, evil spirits or taboos.
It is often viewed as a condition requiring “cures” through traditional healers, with claims that certain traditional practices address issues contemporary doctors cannot comprehend.
Offensive terms are sometimes used to refer to individuals with neurodiverse identities.
For instance, derogatory terms such as “mwana wacho ibenzi” (the child is mad), “izunguzurwa” (they are confused or delirious) and outdated terms like sascam or Zimcare are still used inappropriately.
However, these terms originate from colonial-era organisations, like the Salisbury Association for the Care of the African Mentally Handicapped (Sascam) and other historical initiatives, which were focused on providing care for individuals with intellectual disabilities.
Using such terms to label neurodiverse individuals is both incorrect and offensive.
Dispelling myths about parenting
Contrary to some beliefs, neurodivergent identities are not caused by poor parenting but are influenced by genetics and biology.
Blaming parents for such conditions adds unnecessary stigma and fails to address the actual causes.
The path forward
Rather than seeking one-size-fits-all “cures”, society should embrace neurodivergent identities and advocate tailored support, while acknowledging that some individuals may still require treatments to manage specific challenges.
Parents of neurodivergent children, such as those with autism, should be supported rather than shunned.
Parenting styles are not the cause of these conditions.
The continued implementation of the National Disability Policy (2021) across all sectors will significantly enhance the well-being of neurodivergent individuals, including those with autism, while advancing progress towards the SDGs.
Inclusion
World Autism Awareness Day emphasises the importance of eliminating barriers, fostering inclusive policies and celebrating the contributions of individuals with autism to society.
They are no less valuable than anyone else.
Addressing the inequalities they face benefits society as a whole.
Indeed, many neurodivergent individuals, including persons with autism, thrive in academic, professional and social settings, showcasing their exceptional talents.
Dr Christine Peta is a disability, public health, policy, international development and research expert. She can be contacted on: [email protected]
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