Mapfunde ane pundutso

Wendy Madzura

KURIMA kwaveko mazuva ano kwave kwemhando yebhizimusi nokudaro varimi vanokurudzirwa kuti vasarudze mbeu nehungwaru hwekunzwisisa goho raanowana, mamiriro emwaka uye zvirongwa zvaanenge anazvo mwaka unotevera.

Kurima mbeu dzakasiyana-siyana kwakanaka nokuti varimi vanotapudza mukana wavo wekukundikana kana imwe mbeu ikasabuda zvakanaka.

Gore rino varimi vari kukurudzirwa kurima mbeu dzetsanga diki (small grains) pamwe chete nedzimwe mbeu dzakasiyana kuti vawane pundutso mubasa ravo.

Mbeu dzetsanga diki (small grains) dzinosanganisira zviyo, mhunga nemapfunde. Mbeu idzi dzakakosha kurima nokuti dzine chipo chekushinga zvakanyanya kumamiriro ekunze anokonzera kuti mwaka uve nemvura shoma (Elnino).

Tinoona zvakare kuti mbeu idzi dzinopa mhando yechikafu chinokurudzirwa kudyiwa nevanhu kana takatarisa nyaya dzekuvandutsa utano kuburikidza  nechikafu chatinodya. Mbeu idzi hadzina kunonaka kurima kana takanangana nechikafu chevanhu chete.

Tinoona kuti mbeu idzi dzinoshanda zvakare pakugadzirwa kwechikafu chezvipfuyo. Izvi zvinoita kuti varimi vanochengeta zvipfuyo vawane zvipfuyo zvine utano zvinozoita kuti pavanotengesa vawane mari yepamusoro.

Takanangana nemapfunde, tinoona kuti kune mhando inorimwa yakanangana nekubika doro rinova bhizimusi rakakura muZimbabwe. Nokudaro, zvakokosha kuti varimi vanzwisise kuti vangarime sei mbeu idzi zvine pundutso.

Chokutanga varimi vanofanirwa kuona kuti munda warimika nemazvo zvinotendera kuti mbeu dzimere zvakanaka.

Chechipiri murimi ngaaone kuti aita ongororo yevhu pamwe chete nekugadzirisa zvinenge zvabuda muongororo yevhu nenguva (3 to 5 months). Kana murimi achinge agadzirisa ivhu rake, zvakakosha kuti aite sarudzo yembeu zvine hungwaru nokuti sarudzo yembeu inoita kuti murimi arime zvemhando yebhizimusi ochizowana pundutso.

Takanangana nemapfunde, sarudzo yembeu yakakosha zvikuru nokuti murimi akasarudza mbeu zvine hungwaru, anowana mbeu inenge yakauchikwa nechipo chekupa goho repamusoro (genetic potential).

KuSeed Co kune mbeu mbiri dzemapfunde dzinogona kuita kuti murimi awane pundutso pakurima kwake. Idzi ndedzinoti SC Sila neSC Smile.

SC Smile imhando yemapfunde matsvuku. Mapfunde aya anobikiswa doro. Kurima SC Smile kunokurudzirwa kuvarimi vanenge vapinda muchibvumirano (contract farming) nemakambani anobika doro akaita seDelta. Tinodaro nokuti murimi akarima mapfunde aya aine chinangwa chekutengesera vanhu kana kuti achida kuita chikafu chezvipfuyo, anorasikirwa nemari zhinji nokuti aya mapfunde haadyiwi nevanhu kana nezvipfuyo.

Kana murimi asina chibvumirano nemakambani anobika doro, tinokurudzira kuti arime mhando yemachena eSC Sila.

SC Sila mapfunde machena ayo akakosha zvikuru pakugutsa nyika (food security) nokuti anodyiwa nevanhu pamwe chete nezvipfuyo. Iyi imbeu yanaka zvikuru nokuti ine chipo chekupa murimi goho repamusoro kana achinge airimwa zvakanaka.

Goho remapfunde rinobva pa5 ton kusvika pa6 ton pahekita. Chipo chegoho ichi chinobatsirwa nekuti mbeu iyi ine mhumhu mupfupi (short stature) izvo zvinoita kuti isadonhe mumunda. Kudonha mumunda kunokanganisa pakukohwa nemichina (harvesters) uye rimwe goho rinorasikira mumunda kana kudyiwa nemuchenje uri muvhu.

SC Sila yakauchikwa nehunyanzvi hwekushingirira zvakanyanya kubva kuzvirwere zvinonetsa kumapfunde zvinosanganisira zviya zvinoitisa mavara pamashizha.

Zvirwere zvinobata musoro wemapfunde pamwe chete nezvinokanganisa kukura kwemaruva. Varimi havakurudzirwe kurima mbeu yemapfunde panzvimbo imwe chete kana kuchinjanisa nembeu dziri mumhuri imwe chete nawo nokuti izvi zvinoita kuti zvirwere zviwande. Mapfunde emhando yeSC Sila anorimika kumativi ose eZimbabwe.

Gore rino vanamazvikokota vanoona nezvemamiriro ekunze vakapa yambiro yekuti mwaka wa2018-2019 unokwanisa kuve nemvura shoma (Elnino) nokudaro zvakakosha kuti varimi vasarudze mbeu dzinoshingirira mukupisa kwekunze pamwe chete nekushomeka kwemvura. Zvakakoshawo kuti varimi varime mbeu dzinosanganisira mapfunde nokuti dzinotora mazuva mashoma kuibva. Muenzaniso ndewe mbeu yeSC Sila iyo inotora mazuva 110 kusvika pa130 kuti iibve.

Mazuva ekuibva kwemapfunde anosiyana nenzvimbo yaanorimwa. Tinoona kuti mapfunde anenge arimwa kunzvimbo dzakakwirira kubva munyanza dzinosanganisira Chimanimani anotora mazuva akawanda kusvika pakuibva asi anorimwa kunzvimbo dzakaderera kusanganisira Masvingo neBulawayo anokurumidza kusvika.

Zvakakosha kuti nemamiriro akaita mwaka, varimi vaite zvose zvavanogona kuchengetedza hunyoro muvhu. Nzira dzekuchengetedza hunyoro dzinosanganisira kuchera makomba, kushandisa mishanga kana masora anochengetedza hunyoro muvhu.

Nguva yakanaka kudyara mapfunde kubva pakupera kwaMbudzi kusvika pakupera kwaZvita. Huwandu hwembeu pakudyara huri pakati pe5kg kusvika 7kg kana mbeu iine tsanga diki asi kana iine tsanga hombe, huwandu hunogona kusvika pa10kg kusvika 15kg. Iyi imbeu inodiwa pachindima che1 hekita.

Kubva pamutsara kunenda pane mumwe, varimi vanokurudzirwa kushandisa 75cm vobva vadonedzera mbewu mumutsara mumwe chete yakapatsanurana zve5 cm.

Kurima zvine pundutso kunobva pakucherechedza kubva panomera mbeu kuti madzinde pachindima akawanda zvakadii. Kumbeu yemapfunde varimi vanokurudzirwa kuve nemadzinde 200 000 kusvika pa250 000 pahekita.

Panomera mapfunde zvakakosha kuti varimi vadzure imwe mbeu inenge yamera kana ichinge yawandisa nokuti kana akawandisa pandima, zvinokonzera kukwikwidzana pakati pembeu, zvoita kuti awane madzinde matete anopa goho rakadzikira.

Mapfunde ndechimwe chirimwa chinoda mafetireza mashoma. Izvi zvinoita kuti murimi ashandise mari shoma pakutenga zvinodiwa pakurima. Kana murimi akarima mapfunde obva ashenaira kuti awane goho repamusoro, anokwanisa kusara aine mari yakawanda muhomwe (return per dollar invested). Izvi zvinoita kuti murimi awane pundutso.

Pamafetireza ipapo, tinoramba tichikurudzira varimi kuti vaongorore ivhu nokuti zvinoita kuti vagadzirise mamiriro evhu pamwe chete nekushandisa mhando nehuwandu hwemafetireza anopa goho repamusoro. Kazhinji huwandu hwemafetireza anoshanda kugorosi pakudyara ari pakati pe100kg/ha kusvika pa300kg/ha, iyi inenge iri fetireza yekudyarisa yeCompound D (7:14:7).

Fetireza yeAmmonium Nitrate inodiwa nehuwandu hwe100kg/ha kusvika pa200kg/ha. Mapfunde inokura zvakanaka kana varimi vakashandisa manyowa, asi tinokurudzira kuti varimi vasevenzese manyowa pamwe chete nemafetireza nokuti izvi zvinoita kuti vawane goho repamusoro.

Zvakakosha kuti varimi vachengetedze mbeu yemapfunde kubva kusora nokuti sora rinokwikwidzana nembesa pakukura. Izvi zvinoita kuti goho revarimi ridzikire zvakanyanya zvekudonha nechipo che50%.

Pakusarudza mishonga yesora zvakakosha kucherechedza mhando yesora rinonetsa pamunda uye kuti mushonga wesora waiswa nenguva uye nehuwandu hunodiwa. Mushonga unoshanda zvakanaka pasora diki diki rine mashizha matatu kusvika pamashanu. Sora rinenge rakurisa harifi nemushonga nekuti rinenge rakomba.

Twumbuyu twunonetsa kumapfunde twunosanganisira nhata nemakonye. Zvakakosha kuti murimri ave chiremba wembesa dzake kuburikidza nokufamba mumunda nguva nenguva achicherechdza kuti pane chingada mushonga here chisati chaenderera. Murimi haafanire kumema munda ari kunze nokuti twumbuyu twunogara pasi pemashizha nepakati pemunda.

Rimwe dambudiko rinosangana nevarimi vemapfunde ishiri. Shiri dzinonetsa zvikuru kana mapfunde akura. Varimi vanokurudzirwa kutsvaga vanhu vanodzinga shiri.

Kurima mapfunde kwakanaka nokuti misika inotengeserwa chirimwa ichi, kunyanya eSC Sila yakawanda. Izvi zvinoita kuti murimi ave nemukana wekutsvaga musika unomupa mari yepamusoro. Misika inotenga mapfunde inosanganisira GMB, makambani anogadzira chikafu chezvipfuyo neanogaya hupfu uye vabiki vedoro.

Varimi yeukai kuti kurima ibhizimusi, nokudaro zvakosha kuti tirime zvinotipa goho repamusoro. Kana goho rikakwira murimi anosara nemapfunde ekutengese owana mari.

 

l Wendy Madzura mudhumeni kuSeed Co uye anobatika pa0773 270 080.